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प्राचीन काळापासून अस्तित्वात असणारी नगरे

प्राचीन काळापासून मानवी लोकवस्ती असणाऱ्या नगरांची यादी खाली दिली आहे. This is a list of present-day cities by the time period over which they have been continuously inhabited.The age claims listed may be disputed, or indeed obsolete. Differences in opinion can result from different definitions of "city" as well as "continuously inhabited".

प्रत्येकास "जगातील सर्वात प्राचीन नगर" म्हणून ख्याती असणाऱ्या (दमास्कस, बायब्लॉस, जेरिको, वाराणशी)ह्या शहरांचा देखील ह्या यादीत समावेश करण्यात आला आहे. Caveats to the validity of each claim are discussed in the "Notes" column.

ह्या लेखाचा/विभागाचा इंग्रजी किंवा अमराठी भाषेतून मराठी भाषेत भाषांतर करावयाचे बाकी आहे. अनुवाद करण्यास आपलाही सहयोग हवा आहे. ऑनलाईन शब्दकोश आणि इतर सहाय्या करिता भाषांतर प्रकल्पास भेट द्या.


प्राचीन जग

Continuous habitation since the Chalcolithic (or Copper Age) is possible (but difficult) to prove archaeologically for several Levantine cities (Jericho, Byblos, Damascus, Sidon and Beirut). Cities became more common outside the Fertile Crescent with the Early Iron Age from about 1100 BC. The foundation of Rome in 753 BC is conventionally taken as one of the dates initiating Classical Antiquity.साचा:Fact

नगराचे नाव ऐतिहासिक विभाग/प्रांत ठिकाण सातत्याने मानववस्ती असल्याच्या नोंदी नोंदी
दमिश्क लेव्हांत सीरियाचालकॉलिथिक Excavations at Tel Ramad on the outskirts of the city have demonstrated that Damascus was inhabited as early as 8000 to 10,000 BC.[१]साचा:Dubious However, Damascus is not documented as an important city until the coming of the Aramaeans around 1400 BC. See reference for presence of urban life among cattle herders at this date — also due to land fertility and constant water source.[ संदर्भ हवा ]
जेरिको लेव्हांत वेस्ट बँकचाल्कोलिथिक काळ (इ.स.पू. ३००० पूर्वी) Traces of habitation from 9000 BC.[२][३]

Fortifications date to 6800 BC (or earlier), making Jericho the earliest known walled city.[४] Evidence indicates that the city was abandoned several times, and later expanded and rebuilt several times.[५]

बॅब्लिओस लेव्हांत लेबॅनॉन चाल्कोलिथिक काळ (इ.स.पू. ५००० पूर्वी)[६]Settled from the Neolithic (carbon-dating tests have set the age of earliest settlement around 7000[७]), a city since the 3rd millennium BC.[६] Byblos had a reputation as the "oldest city in the world" in Antiquity (according to Philo of Byblos).
सिडॉन लेव्हांत लेबॅनॉन इ.स.पू. ४००० [८]There is evidence that Sidon was inhabited from as long ago as 4000 BC, and perhaps, as early as Neolithic times (6000 - 4000 BC).
अल फय्युम (as Crocodilopolis or Arsinoe, ancient Egyptian: Shediet) इजिप्तफैयुम प्रांत, इजिप्तइ.स.पू. (४००० अंदाजे)[९]
गाझियांटेप अनातोलियानैऋत्य अनातोलिया प्रांत, तुर्कस्तानइ.स.पू. ३६५०[ संदर्भ हवा ]This is disputed, although most modern scholars place the Classical Antiochia ad Taurum at Gaziantep, some maintain that it was located at Aleppo. Furthermore, that the two cities occupy the same site is far from established fact (see Gaziantep). Assuming this to be the case, the founding date of the present site would be about 1,000 BC. (see Gaziantep)
राय इराणइ.स.पू. ३०००[१०]A settlement at the site goes back to the 3rd millennium BC. Rayy is mentioned in the Avesta (an important text of prayers in Zoroastrianism, as a sacred place, and it is also featured in the book of Tobit.[१०]
बैरुत लेव्हांत लेबेनॉनइ.स.पू. ३०००[११]
टायर लेव्हांत लेबेनॉनइ.स.पू. २७५०[१२]
आर्बिल मेसोपोटेमियाकुर्दिस्तान प्रांत, इराकइ.स.पू. २३०० किंवा त्याआआधी[१३]
अराफा (किर्कुक) मेसोपोटेमियाकिर्कुक प्रांत, इराकइ.स.पू. ३०००-२२००[१४]
जाफ्फा लेव्हांत इस्रायेल इ.स.पू. २००० (अं) Archaeological evidence shows habitation from 7500 BC.[१५]
अलेप्पोलेव्हांत सिरिया इ.स.पू. २००० (अं)[१६]Evidence of occupation since about 5000 BC.[१७]
बल्ख (बॅक्ट्रा) बॅक्ट्रियाबल्ख प्रांत, अफगाणिस्तानइ.स.पू. १५०० (अं) Balkh is one of the oldest settlements of the region.[१८]
हेब्रॉनलेव्हांत वेस्ट बँकइ.स.पू. १५०० (अं) Hebron is considered one of the oldest cities and has been continuously

inhabited for nearly 3500 years.[१९]

चानिया क्रीटक्रीट, ग्रीसइ.स.पू. १४०० (अं) Minoan foundation as Kydonia
लारनाका अलाशिया सायप्रसइ.स.पू. १४०० (अं) Mycenaean, then Phoenician colony
Thebes Mycenaean Greece Boeotia, Greece ca. 1400 BC Mycenaean foundation
अथेन्स मिसेनेइयन ग्रीस ॲटिका, ग्रीसइ.स.पू. १४०० Mycenaean foundation, with traces of earlier habitation on the Acropolis.
आर्गोसमिसेनेइयन ग्रीसग्रीसइ.स.पू. १२०० आधी
TrikalaMycenaean GreeceThessaly, Greecebefore 1200 BCfounded as Trikke
ChalcisMycenaean GreeceGreecebefore 1200 BCmentioned by Homer
Lisbon Iron Age Iberia Portugal ca. 1200 BC A settlement since the Neolithic. Allis Ubbo, arguably a Phoenician name, became Olissipo(-nis) in Greek and Latin (also Felicitas Julia after Roman conquest in 205 BC).
Cádiz Iron Age Iberia Andalusia, स्पेन1100 BC founded as Phoenician Gadir, "Europe's oldest city"[२०]
PatrasMycenaean GreeceGreececa. 1100 BCfounded by Patreus
वाराणसीभारतउत्तर प्रदेश, भारतca. 1200-1000 BC[२१]लोह युग foundation (Painted Grey Ware culture).
Xi'anBronze Age ChinaShaanxi, PRCca. 1100 BC
ChiosChiosNorth Aegean, Greececa. 1100 BC
Gaza CityLevantGaza Stripca. 1000 BCWhile evidence of habitation dates back at least 5,000 years, it is said to be continuously inhabited for a little more than 3,000 years.[२२][२३]
MytileneLesbosNorth Aegean, Greece10th century BC
AnuradhapuraRajarataNorth Central Province, श्रीलंका10th century BC[ संदर्भ हवा ]
Pula Istria Croatia 10th century BCसाचा:Dubious The city's earliest recordedसाचा:By whom permanent habitation dates back to the 10th century BC (Ivelja-Dalmatin 200).साचा:Verify credibility[२४]
Zadar Liburnia Croatia 9th century BCसाचा:Dubious based on archaeological evidence, according to Suić (1981)साचा:Dubious.[२५]
Nin Liburnia Croatia 9th century BC]]साचा:Dubious based on archaeological evidence, according to www.nin.hr.साचा:Verify credibility[१]
नेपल्स Magna Graecia इटली8th century BC[२६]founded as Parthenope.
Hamadan (As Ecbatana)Median EmpireIranca. 800 BC [२७]
Yerevan (as Erebuni)UrartuArmeniaca. 800 BC[२८]
उज्जैन (As अवंती)माळवाभारत८०० इ.स..पू.[२९]७०० इ.स.पू. मध्ये अवंतीची राजधानी म्हणून उदयास आले. भारत देशाची दुसऱ्या शहरीकरीकरणाच्या लहरीत ६०० इ.स.पू प्रगती झाली.
रोमLatiumLazio, इटली७५३ इ.स.पू.१००० इ.स.पू.पासून नेहमी गजबजलेले.; इ.स.पू. ९ व्या शतकात चरावाहांचे खेडे म्हणून माहितीत.; हे सुद्धा पहा History of Rome and Founding of Rome.
Corfu, KerkyraCorfuIonian Islands, Greece700 BC
समरकंदSogdianaउझबेकिस्थान७०० इ.स.पू.
इस्तंबूल/बायझेन्टियमThrace AnatoliaTurkey685 BC Anatolia 667 BC ThraceNeolithic site dated to 6400 BC, over port of Lygos by Thracians circa 1150 BC
DurrësIllyriaAlbania627 BCFounded[३०] by settlers from Corcyra & Corinth as Epidamnos
Stara ZagoraThraceBulgaria342 BCIt was called Beroe in ancient times and was founded by Phillip II of Macedon[३१][३२][३३][३४], although a Thracian settlement neolithic inhabitation have been discovered as well.
VarnaThraceBulgarian Black Sea Coast, Bulgaria585 BC - 570 BCfounded[३५] as Odessos by settlers from Miletus
KavalaMacedoniaGreece6th century BCfounded as Neapolis
Edessa, GreeceMacedoniaGreecebefore the 6th century BCcapital of Macedonia up to 6th century BC
MangaliaDaciaRomania6th century BCfounded as Callatis
ConstanţaDaciaRomania6th century BCfounded as Tomis
MantuaPo ValleyLombardy, Italy6th century BCVillage settlement since ca. 2000 BC; became an Etruscan city in the 6th century BC.
HeratAriaHerat Province, Afghanistanca. 550 BC[ संदर्भ हवा ]The city is dominated by the remains of a citadel constructed by Alexander the Great.
दिल्लीकुरुभारत५०० इ.स.पू.[३६]इ.स.पू.च्या सुरुवातीच्या शतकांपासूनचे शहर, ११ व्या शतकापासून शहरात मानवी वस्तीचे संकेत हे सुद्धा पहा History of Delhi.
मदुरैपांडियन राज्यतमिळनाडू, भारत५०० इ.स.पू.[ संदर्भ हवा ]
बिजिंग (as Ji, Yanjing)Yanचीनइ.स.पू.५०० [ संदर्भ हवा ]
इफेOsun State, Nigeriaca. 500 BC[ संदर्भ हवा ]
पाटनामगधबिहार, भारत४९० इ.स.पू.[३७]
वैशालीमगधबिहार, भारत500 BC[३७]
राजग्रह (राजगिर)मगधबिहार, भारतइ.स.पू. ६००[३८]
SerresMacedoniaGreece5th century BCfirst mentioned in the 5th century BC as Siris
Lamia (city)GreeceGreecebefore the 5th century BCfirst mentioned 424 BC
VeriaMacedoniaGreececa. 432 BCfirst mentioned by Thucydides in 432 BC
RhodesRhodes, Aegean SeaDodecanese, Greececa. 408 BC
बेलग्रेडIllyriaSerbia400 BCVinča culture prospered around Belgrade in the 6th millennium BC
थेसालोनिकीMacedonia (ancient kingdom)Greece315 BCfounded as a new city in the same place of the older city Therme.
BeratMacedonia (ancient kingdom)Albania314 BCFounded[३९] by Cassander as Antipatreia
ग्वांग्झू (Canton)Han DynastyGuangdong, PRC214 BC[ संदर्भ हवा ]
झुरिच (Lindenhof)Gaulस्वित्झर्लंडca. 50 BClakeside settlement traces dating to the Neolithic.
TrierGallia Belgicaजर्मनी30 BCOldest city in जर्मनी.
NijmegenGermania InferiorNetherlands19 BCOldest city in the Netherlands.
ChurRaetia PrimaGrisons, स्वित्झर्लंड15 BChabitation since the 4th millennium BC (Pfyn culture).
SolothurnGaulस्वित्झर्लंडc. 20 ADEvidence of pre-Roman, Celtic settlement; newly founded by the Romans between 14 – 37 AD, called the "oldest city in Gaul besides Trier" in a verse on the city's clock tower.
लंडनBritanniaग्रेटब्रिटन४३ इ.स.
व्हेर्दुनLotharingiaफ्रांस4th centuryseat of the bishop of Verdun from the 4th century, but populated earlier
प्रागBohemiaCzech Republicca. 6th centuryThe first written record dates back to the 10th century [४०].
IoanninaByzantine EmpireGreecefounded by emperor Justinian I
क्राकोव (Wawel Hill)GaliciaPoland7th c.[४१]The first written record dates back to the 10th century.
पालेंबंगSrivijayaIndonesiaca. 600oldest city in the Malay Archipelago, capital of the Srivijaya empire.
इफेOsun State, Nigeriaca. 8th century[ संदर्भ हवा ]साचा:Dubiousearliest traces of habitation date to the 4th century BC.[ संदर्भ हवा ]
ÅrhusDenmarkca. 700oldest city in Scandinavia.
DjennéMalica. 800oldest known city in sub-Saharan Africa[४२]
HeraklionCreteGreece824founded by the Saracens
डब्लिनIrelandRepublic of Ireland841
रेक्याविकIcelandIcelandca. 871 [२]
TønsbergNorwayNorwayca. 871oldest city in Norway.
Tondo, ManilaKingdom of TondoPhilippines900[४३]oldest known settlement in the Philippines as documented by the Laguna Copperplate Inscription; when the Spanish, led by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, arrived, it was still inhabited and led by at least one datu.
Skaraस्वीडन988
LundDenmarkस्वीडनca. 990 [३] Archived 2012-02-11 at the Wayback Machine.

सध्याचे (वर्तमान)जग

हेसुद्धा पाहा: List of American cities by year of foundation


नाव देश स्थापना नोंद
तिकुल मेक्सिकोइ.स.पू.चे ७ वे शतकउत्तर व दक्षिण अमेरिकेतील सतत वस्ती असलेली सगळ्यात जुनी वसाहत
चोलुला मेक्सिकोइ.स.पू.चे २ रे शतक (अंदाजे) Pre-Columbian Cholula grew from a small village to a regional center during the 7th century.
अकोमा पेब्लो आणि ताओस पेब्लो, न्यू मेक्सिकोअमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थानेइ.स. १०७५ (अं)
ओरैबी, ॲरिझोना अमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थानेइ.स. ११०० (अं)
मेक्सिको सिटीमेक्सिकोइ.स. १३२५Founded as Tenochtitlan by the Mexica. Named changed to Ciudad de Mexico (Mexico City) or Mexico-Tenochtitlan after the Spanish conquest of the city in 1521. Several other pre-Columbian towns such as Azcapotzalco, Tlatelolco, Xochimilco and Coyoacan have been engulfed by the growing metropolis and are now part of modern Mexico City.
सांतो दॉमिंगोडॉमिनिकन प्रजासत्ताकइ.स. १४९६नवीन जगातील सगळ्यात जुनी युरोपीय वसाहत
सान हुआन पोर्तो रिकोइ.स. १५०८Oldest continuously inhabited city in a U.S. territory
नोंब्रे दि दियोस, कोलोन पनामाइ.स. १५१०Oldest European settlement on the American mainland
बाराकोआ क्यूबा इ.स. १५११Oldest European settlement in Cuba
साओ व्हिसेंते, साओ पाउलो ब्राझीलइ.स. १५३२First Portuguese settlement in South America
सेंट जॉन्स, न्यू फाउंडलंड आणि लाब्राडोर कॅनडाइ.स. १५४०च्या सुमारास Oldest city in Canada, and oldest English-speaking city in North America
सेंट ऑगस्टिन, फ्लोरिडा अमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थानेइ.स. १५५६Oldest continuously inhabited European founded city within the United States
जेम्सटाऊन, व्हर्जिनिया अमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थानेइ.स. १६०७Second oldest successful European founded city in the United States[४४]
प्लीमथ, मॅसेच्युसेट्स अमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थानेइ.स. १६२०Third oldest continuously inhabited European founded city in the United States[४५]
क्वेबेक सिटीकॅनडाइ.स. १६०८Second oldest city in Canada
सेंट जॉन कॅनडाइ.स. १६३१Third oldest city in Canada
त्रुआ-रिव्हिएरेस कॅनडाइ.स. १६३४Fourth oldest city in Canada
मॉंट्रिआल कॅनडाइ.स. १६४२Fifth oldest city in Canada
सिडनीऑस्ट्रेलियाइ.स. १७८८Oldest city in Australia
होबार्टऑस्ट्रेलियाइ.स. १८०३Second oldest city in Australia

चित्रदालन

संदर्भदुवे

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  2. ^ गेट्स, चार्ल्स. Ancient Cities: The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome. p. 18. Jericho, in the Jordan River Valley in Israel, inhabited from ca. 9000 BC to the present day, offers important evidence for the earliest permanent settlements in the Near East.
  3. ^ Martell, Hazel Mary. The Kingfisher Book of the Ancient World: From the Ice Age to the Fall of Rome. p. १८. People first settled there from around 9000 B.C., and by 8000 B.C., the community was organized enough to build a stone wall to defend the city.
  4. ^ Michal Strutin, Discovering Natural Israel (2001), p. 4.
  5. ^ Ryan, Donald P. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Lost Civilizations. p. 137. The city was walled during much of its history and the evidence indicates that it was abandoned several times, and later expanded and rebuilt several times.
  6. ^ a b Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E.; Abu-Lughod, Janet L. Cities of the Middle East and North Africa. p. 104. 2009-07-22 रोजी पाहिले. Archaelogical excavations at Byblos indicate that the site has been continually inhabited since at least 5000 B.C.
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  23. ^ "Life at the Crossroads [New Edition]: A History of Gaza". 2018-12-25 रोजी मूळ पान पासून संग्रहित. 2009-01-24 रोजी पाहिले.
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  32. ^ Late Roman villas in the Danube-Balkan region by Lynda Mulvin,2002,page 19,"Other roads went through Beroe (founded by Philip II of Macedon) "
  33. ^ Philip of Macedon by Louïza D. Loukopoulou,1980,page 98,"Upriver in the valley between the Rhodope and Haimos Philip founded Beroe (Stara Zagora) and Philippolis (Plovdiv)."
  34. ^ The cities in Thrace and Dacia in late antiquity: (studies and materials)‎ by Velizar Iv Velkov,1977,page 128,"Founded by Philipp 11 on the site of an old Thracian settlement, it has existed without interruption from that time."
  35. ^ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,page 936,
  36. ^ City Walls: The Urban Enceinte in Global Perspective, by James D. Tracy, University of Minnesota Center for Early Modern History Cambridge University Press, 2000, ISBN 9780521652216
  37. ^ a b http://irows.ucr.edu/cd/courses/compciv/citypops4000.txt
  38. ^ The estimated year Sravasti was surpassed by Rajagriha is not given in Chandler and Fox’s list[ संदर्भ हवा ] (pp. 362-364).
  39. ^ Epirus: the geography, the ancient remains, the history and topography of ... by Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond,"founded Antipatreia in Illyria at c. 314 BC"
  40. ^ Abraham ben Jacob
  41. ^ wawel.krakow.pl
  42. ^ "Heaven on Earth: Islam", November 23, 2004 video documentary, History Channel. Producer/director, Stephen Rooke. Scriptwriter/host: Christy Kenneally
  43. ^ "Expert on past dies; 82". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 2008-10-21. 2008-11-17 रोजी पाहिले.
  44. ^ After a vote by the House of Burgesses in 1699, it was decided that the Virginia capitol would be moved from the original Jamestown site on the James river to a nearby site 8 miles away that would be free of swamp born illnesses. The original site has since been converted to a national historic park.
  45. ^ Santa Fe, New Mexico, which is sometimes cited for this, was abandoned due to Indian raiding from 1680 - 1692, and it's inhabitants did not succeed in living in the area continuously until after 1692.
  • Aldred, Cyril (1998). The Egyptians. Thames and Hudson: London.
  • Overy et al. (1999). The Times History of The World: New Edition. Times Books/Harper-Collins: London.

हेसुद्धा पाहा

  • ऐतिहासिक नगरे
  • Cities of the Ancient Near East
  • Historical urban community sizes
  • List of American cities by year of foundation (includes ancient native sites)