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राष्ट्रकुल परिषद

राष्ट्रकुल परिषद
Commonwealth of Nations
जगाच्या नकाशावर राष्ट्रकुल देश.
स्थापना २८ एप्रिल इ.स. १९४९
मुख्यालयलंडन, इंग्लंड
सदस्यत्व
List
अधिकृत भाषा
इंग्लिश
Leader राणी एलिझाबेथ दुसरी
संकेतस्थळthecommonwealth.org

राष्ट्रकुल परिषद (इंग्रजी: Commonwealth of Nations) ही एक अशी आंतरराष्ट्रीय संघटना आहे ज्या मार्फत विविध सामाजिक, राजकीय व अर्थव्यवस्था असलेले देश एकत्र येऊन समान तत्वे व मुद्दांवर काम करतात, जे सिंगापुर घोषणेत [१] नमूद आहे. यात सामिल आहे लोकतंत्र, मानवी हक्क, चांगले सरकार, न्याय, व्यक्तिगत स्वातंत्र, खुला व्यापार व जागतिक शांती साठी काम करणे.[२]

सदस्य देश

विद्यमान सदस्य

देश प्रवेश खंड लोकसंख्या टीपा[A]
अँटिगा आणि बार्बुडा ॲंटिगा आणि बार्बुडा1981-11-011 नोव्हेंबर 1981 उत्तर अमेरिका88,000
ऑस्ट्रेलिया ऑस्ट्रेलिया1931-12-1111 December 1931 ओशनिया 22,073,000 Granted nominal independence (Dominion status) on 1 January 1901. Australia was one of the original Dominions at the time of the Statute of Westminster 1931, although the statute was not adopted in Australia until 1942.[३]
बहामास बहामास1973-07-1010 July 1973 उत्तर अमेरिका 342,000
बांगलादेश बांगलादेश[B]1972-04-1818 April 1972[४]आशिया 162,221,000 १९७१ साली पाकिस्तानपासून स्वातंत्र्य.[५]
बार्बाडोस बार्बाडोस1966-11-3030 November 1966 उत्तर अमेरिका 279,000
बेलीझ बेलिझ1981-09-2121 September 1981 उत्तर अमेरिका 322,130
बोत्स्वाना बोत्स्वाना1966-09-3030 September 1966 आफ्रिका 1,950,000
ब्रुनेई ब्रुनेई1984-01-011 January 1984 आशिया 400,000
कामेरून कामेरून1995-11-1313 November 1995[६]आफ्रिका 19,522,000 Most of the country was the formerly French Mandate territory (later U.N Trust territory) of Cameroun and gained independence from फ्रांस on 1 January 1960, uniting with the much smaller former British Mandate territory of Southern Cameroons on its gaining independence from the United Kingdom on 1 October 1961.
कॅनडा कॅनडा1931-12-1111 December 1931 उत्तर अमेरिका 34,053,000 [७]Granted nominal independence (Dominion status) on 1 July 1867. Canada was the first among the several original Dominions at the time of the Statute of Westminster 1931.[८] Incorporated another original Dominion, Newfoundland, on 31 March 1949.[९]
सायप्रस सायप्रस1961-03-1313 March 1961[१०]Europe 794,200 Gained independence from the United Kingdom on 18 August 1960.
डॉमिनिका डॉमिनिका1978-11-033 November 1978 उत्तर अमेरिका [C]79,000
गांबिया गांबिया1965-02-1818 February 1965 आफ्रिका 1,717,000
घाना घाना1957-03-066 March 1957 आफ्रिका 23,837,000
ग्रेनेडा ग्रेनेडा1974-02-077 February 1974 उत्तर अमेरिका 103,000
गयाना गयाना1966-05-2626 May 1966 South America 761,000
भारत भारत1947-08-1515 August 1947 आशिया 1,173,230,000 Incorporated former French India (Chandannagar from 2 May 1950 and Pondichéry, Karikal, Yanaon and Mahé from 1 November 1954), former Portuguese India (Goa, Daman and Diu from 19 December 1961 and Dadra and Nagar Haveli formally from 1961) and Sikkim (from 16 May 1975).
जमैका जमैका1962-08-066 August 1962 उत्तर अमेरिका 2,721,000
केन्या केन्या1963-12-1212 December 1963 आफ्रिका 39,856,000
किरिबाटी किरिबाटी1979-07-1212 July 1979 ओशनिया [D]99,000
लेसोथो लेसोथो1966-10-044 October 1966 आफ्रिका 2,000,000
मलावी मलावी1964-07-066 July 1964 आफ्रिका 15,884,000
मलेशिया मलेशिया1963-09-1616 September 1963 आशिया 28,356,000 Joined as the Federation of Malaya in 1957; reformed as Malaysia with its federation in 1963 with Singapore (became a separate member in 1965), Sabah, and Sarawak.[११]
मालदीव मालदीव1982-07-099 July 1982 आशिया 329,000 Gained independence from the United Kingdom on 26 July 1965.[१२] Maldives was a special member from 9 July 1982 until 20 July 1985.[१३]
माल्टा माल्टा1964-09-2121 September 1964 Europe 412,668
मॉरिशस मॉरिशस1968-03-1212 March 1968 आफ्रिका 1,285,000
मोझांबिक मोझांबिक1995-11-1313 November 1995[१४]आफ्रिका 22,892,000 Gained independence from Portugal on 26 June 1975. The first country to be admitted to the Commonwealth without any former colonial or constitutional links with the United Kingdom.[१५]
नामिबिया नामिबिया1990-03-2121 March 1990 आफ्रिका 2,131,000 Gained independence from South आफ्रिका.[१६]
नौरू नौरू[B]1968-11-01†1 November 1968 ओशनिया 14,000 Nauru is a special member. Gained independence on 31 January 1968 from joint trusteeship of ऑस्ट्रेलिया, न्यू झीलँड and United Kingdom. The nation was a special member from 1 November 1968 until 1 May 1999, when it became a full member,[१७] before reverting back to special status in January 2006.[१८]
न्यूझीलंड न्यू झीलंड1931-12-1111 December 1931 ओशनिया 4,317,972 Granted nominal independence (Dominion status) on 26 September 1907. One of the original Dominions at the time of the Statute of Westminster 1931, although the Statute was not adopted in New Zealand until 1947.[१९]
नायजेरिया नायजेरिया1960-10-011 October 1960 आफ्रिका 154,796,000 Incorporated the former British Mandate territory of Northern Cameroons on 31 May 1961. Suspended in 1995, suspension lifted in 1999.[२०]
पाकिस्तान पाकिस्तान1947-08-1414 August 1947 आशिया 168,052,000 Left in 1972, rejoined 1989; suspended in 1999, suspension lifted in 2004; again suspended in 2007,[२१] suspension lifted in 2008.[२२] Includes the city of Gwadar, transferred from Muscat and Oman on 8 September 1958.
पापुआ न्यू गिनी पापुआ न्यू गिनी1975-09-1616 September 1975 ओशनिया 6,737,000 Gained independence from ऑस्ट्रेलिया.
रवांडा रवांडा[B]2009-11-2929 November 2009[२३]आफ्रिका 9,998,000 Gained independence from Belgium on 1 July 1962. The second country to be admitted to the Commonwealth without any former colonial or constitutional links with the United Kingdom.[१५]
सेंट किट्स आणि नेव्हिस सेंट किट्स व नेव्हिस[B]1983-09-1919 September 1983 उत्तर अमेरिका 52,000
सेंट लुसिया सेंट लुसिया1979-02-2222 February 1979 उत्तर अमेरिका 171,000
सेंट व्हिन्सेंट आणि ग्रेनेडीन्स सेंट व्हिन्सेंट आणि ग्रेनेडीन्स1979-10-2727 October 1979 उत्तर अमेरिका [C]119,000Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was a special member from 27 October 1979 until 1 June 1985.
सामो‌आ सामोआ1970-08-2828 August 1970 ओशनिया 185,000 Gained independence from न्यू झीलँड on 1 January 1962. Joined as Western Samoa, subsequently changing its name to Samoa on 4 July 1997.[२४]
सेशेल्स सेशेल्स1976-06-2929 June 1976 आफ्रिका 84,000
सियेरा लिओन सियेरा लिओन1961-04-2727 April 1961 आफ्रिका 5,695,000
सिंगापूर सिंगापूर1965-10-15†15 October 1965 आशिया 4,986,000 First joined as part of Malaysia on 16 September 1963.
सॉलोमन द्वीपसमूह सॉलोमन द्वीपसमूह1978-07-077 July 1978 ओशनिया 913,000
साचा:देश माहिती South आफ्रिका दक्षिण आफ्रिका1931-12-1111 December 1931 आफ्रिका 49,423,000 Granted nominal independence (Dominion status) on 31 May 1910. One of the original Dominions at the time of the Statute of Westminster 1931. Left on 31 May 1961, rejoined on 1 June 1994.[२५]
श्रीलंका श्री लंका1948-02-044 February 1948 आशिया 20,743,000 Joined as the Dominion of Ceylon, subsequently changing its name in 1972.
इस्वाटिनी स्वाझीलँड1968-09-066 September 1968 आफ्रिका 1,182,000
टांझानिया टांझानिया1964-04-2626 April 1964 आफ्रिका 43,729,000 Merger of Tanganyika and Zanzibar.[२६]
टोंगा टोंगा1970-06-044 June 1970 ओशनिया 102,000
त्रिनिदाद आणि टोबॅगो त्रिनिदाद व टोबॅगो1962-08-3131 August 1962 उत्तर अमेरिका 1,335,000
तुवालू तुवालू[B]1978-10-011 October 1978 ओशनिया 12,000 Tuvalu was a special member from 1 October 1978 until 1 September 2000.[२७]
युगांडा युगांडा1962-10-099 October 1962 आफ्रिका 32,816,000
युनायटेड किंग्डम युनायटेड किंग्डम1931-12-1111 December 1931 Europe 61,609,500 The Parliament of the United Kingdom enacted the Statute of Westminster 1931.
व्हानुआतू व्हानुआतू[B]1980-07-3030 July 1980 ओशनिया 241,000 Gained independence from joint rule of फ्रांस and United Kingdom.
झांबिया झांबिया1964-10-2424 October 1964 आफ्रिका 12,935,000

^ A. Unless otherwise noted, independence was gained from United Kingdom on date of joining the Commonwealth as shown in column 2.
^ B. Not a member of the Commonwealth Foundation.
^ C. The population figure is based on 2004 estimates.
^ D. The population figure is based on 2005 estimates.

निलंबित सदस्य

देश प्रवेश खंड निलंबित Notes
फिजी फिजी[A]1970-10-1010 October 1970 ओशनिया 8 December 2006 Left in 1987; rejoined in 1997; suspended on 6 June 2000;[२८] suspension lifted on 20 December 2001;[२९] again suspended in 2006 because of the 2006 Fijian coup d'état.[३०]

^ A. Not a member of the Commonwealth Foundation.

माजी सदस्य

देश प्रवेश खंड निर्गम टीपा
आयर्लंडचे प्रजासत्ताक आयर्लंड1931-12-1111 December 1931 Europe 1949-04-18]]18 April 1949 One of the original Dominions at the time of the Statute of Westminster 1931. Left after passing the Republic of Ireland Act in 1949.[५][९]
झिम्बाब्वे झिम्बाब्वे1980-10-011 October 1980 आफ्रिका 2003-12-077 December 2003 Suspended on 19 March 2002.[२९] Withdrew voluntarily on 7 December 2003.[३१]

बरखास्त सदस्य

भूतपूर्व देश सामील खंड बरखास्त Rejoined as part of Notes
फेडरेशन ऑफ मलया Malaya1957-08-3131 August 1957 आशिया 1963-09-1616 September 1963 मलेशिया मलेशियाReformed as Federation of Malaysia with Singapore (became a separate member in 1965), Sabah, and Sarawak.
साचा:देश माहिती Newfoundland न्यू फाउंडलंड1931-12-1111 December 1931 उत्तर अमेरिका 1934-02-1616 February 1934 कॅनडा कॅनडाOne of the original Dominions at the time of the Statute of Westminster 1931. Government suspended on 16 February 1934, joined Canada on 31 March 1949.[९]
साचा:देश माहिती Tanganyika Tanganyika1961-12-099 December 1961 आफ्रिका 1964-04-2626 April 1964 टांझानिया टांझानियाThe two countries merged to form Tanzania on 26 April 1964.[२६]
झांझिबार Zanzibar1963-12-1010 December 1963

राष्ट्रकुल क्षेत्र

वरील राष्ट्रकुल परिषदेच्या सदस्यांपैकी १६ देश असे आहेत जेथे संविधानिक राजेशाही प्रकारचे सरकार अस्तित्वात आहे.
अमेरिका

युरोप

ओशनिया

संदर्भ

  1. ^ "बवेविप्र*". २००७-०७-२५ रोजी पाहिले.
  2. ^ "सिंगापुर घोषणा". २००७-०७-२५ रोजी पाहिले.
  3. ^ "Australia". 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  4. ^ Kohen, Marcelo G. Secession. London. p. 122.
  5. ^ a b "Wind of Change". 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  6. ^ Pondi, Jean-Emmanuel (1997). "Cameroon and the Commonwealth of Nations". The Round Table. 86 (344): pp. 563–570. doi:10.1080/00358539708454389. 10.1080/00358539708454389. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (सहाय्य)CS1 maint: extra text (link)
  7. ^ "Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories – 20% sample data". 2013-02-08 रोजी मूळ पान पासून संग्रहित. 2009-10-19 रोजी पाहिले.
  8. ^ "Canada - History". 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  9. ^ a b c "Dominion Status". 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  10. ^ McIntyre, W. David (2000). "Britain and the creation of the Commonwealth Secretariat". Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 28 (1): pp. 135–158. doi:10.1080/03086530008583082. 10.1080/03086530008583082. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (सहाय्य)CS1 maint: extra text (link)
  11. ^ "Malaysia - History". 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  12. ^ "Maldives - History". 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  13. ^ "The Maldives and the Commonwealth". 2012-12-03 रोजी मूळ पान पासून संग्रहित. 30 January 2009 रोजी पाहिले.
  14. ^ Ingram, Derek (1996). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table. 85 (338): pp. 153–165. doi:10.1080/00358539608454302. 10.1080/00358539608454302. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (सहाय्य)CS1 maint: extra text (link)
  15. ^ a b "Rwanda becomes a member of the Commonwealth". 2009-11-29 रोजी पाहिले.[permanent dead link]
  16. ^ Chronology of Namibian Independence
  17. ^ "Nauru Accedes to Full Membership of the Commonwealth". 30 January 2009 रोजी पाहिले.
  18. ^ "Nauru–History". 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  19. ^ "New Zealand- History". 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  20. ^ "Nigeria". 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  21. ^ "Pakistan suspended from the Commonwealth". 2008-06-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  22. ^ "Commonwealth lifts Pakistan suspension". 2008-06-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  23. ^ चुका उधृत करा: <ref> चुकीचा कोड; rwanda नावाने दिलेल्या संदर्भांमध्ये काहीही माहिती नाही
  24. ^ "Constitution Amendment Act (No 2) 1997". 2007-11-27 रोजी पाहिले.
  25. ^ "South आफ्रिका". 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  26. ^ a b "Tanzania - History". 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  27. ^ "Tuvalu Accedes to Full Membership of the Commonwealth". 30 January 2009 रोजी पाहिले.
  28. ^ Ingram, Derek (2000). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table. 89 (355): pp. 311–55. doi:10.1080/00358530050083406. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (सहाय्य); |access-date= requires |url= (सहाय्य)CS1 maint: extra text (link)
  29. ^ a b Ingram, Derek (2002). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table. 91 (364): pp. 131–59. doi:10.1080/00358530220144148. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (सहाय्य); |access-date= requires |url= (सहाय्य)CS1 maint: extra text (link)
  30. ^ Ingram, Derek; Soal, Judith (2007). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table. 96 (388): pp. 2–28. doi:10.1080/00358530701189734. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (सहाय्य); |access-date= requires |url= (सहाय्य)CS1 maint: extra text (link)
  31. ^ "Editorial: CHOGM 2003, Abuja, Nigeria". The Round Table. 93 (373): pp. 3–6. 2004. doi:10.1080/0035853042000188139. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (सहाय्य); |access-date= requires |url= (सहाय्य)CS1 maint: extra text (link)

बाह्य दुवे